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- I own a Commodore Plus/4 Computer, and was fortunate enough to get
- it with a working power supply and two books: The Users' Manual and the
- Integrated Software Manual. Most people who own one of those "orphan"
- computers inherit the keyboard only, and are hard pressed to make it work
- with little or no information and usually no periferals or software. The
- Plus/4 came after the VIC-20 and the C-64 (about 1984), and is not
- software compatable with either of those computers, although it does share
- some hardware compatability. I decided to do a little digging inside my
- Plus/4 and share whatever information I could. As a repair tech, I'm more
- into hardware than software or programming, and I have no schematics or
- disk software. I'm working by "seat of the pants", so standard disclaimers
- apply! I hope this info is helpful to other owners of orphan Plus/4s.
-
- **********************************************
- The Plus/4 comes up in Basic V3.5 with usable memory a little over
- "60K bytes free" (The C-64 comes up with about 40K). Commands are similar
- to the C-128 (DIRECTORY, HEADER, DLOAD, and COPY, for example) and such
- things as reprogramming Function keys is possible. Obviously the Plus/4
- requires software written for its' version of Basic, and memory locations
- are specific to this model. For example, screen memory goes from location
- 3072 to 4071 (40X25 screen) and color memory from 2048 to 3047. Basic
- starts at $8000. One source of "orphan" software is Jack Vanderwhite
- (CEE-64 Alive!) PO Box 232115 Sacramento, CA. 95823 (916) 395-9773. He
- posts frequently on the Internet Newsgroup: comp.sys.cbm.
- The Plus/4 has several built-in programs stored on internal ROMs.
- There is a Word Processor, File Manager, Spreadsheet, Graphics, and a ML
- Monitor called TEDMON. The internal programs are initiated from the Basic
- startup screen by pressing the F1 key. A SYS number is displayed... hit
- -return-. This starts the word processor. Hold down the C= key and press C
- to activate the Command mode, indicated by the "W>" prompt at the bottom
- of the screen. Type TF (To the File manager) and -return- to go to the
- "database". Similarly, typing TC (To the spreadsheet Command) and TW (To
- the Word processor) will move to those ROM programs. Most commands are
- two-letter combinations such as: LF (Load File) followed by -return-.
- TEDMON is started from Basic by typing MONITOR -return-, and exited by
- typing X -return-. GRAPHICS is part of the spreadsheet and allows
- manipulation of charts and graphs. The GRAPHIC command entered from Basic
- allows direct entry of HiRes graphics characters, drawing shapes and
- controlling color. Because they are integrated, data can be moved across
- the internal ROM programs. Obviously this is a simplified overview and is
- intended only to get you started if you don't have the books. To properly
- run these programs, you need the Integrated Software Manual.
- The Plus/4 has three voices (or rather two programmable tone
- generators and a noise generator). The first two output square waveforms
- and # three outputs noise for special effects. To enable and play voice
- #2...
- 10 VOL 7: REM sets volume level (0 is off)
- 20 SOUND2,800,360: REM turns on #2, sets freq (about
- 500Hz), sets the on-time (about 2 seconds).
- *********************************************
- The RF (TV) output is the same as on the C-64. An RCA jack on the
- right side of the Plus/4 will connect, through an adaptor or switchbox, to
- a standard Color TV set. There is a switch near the connector to select
- channel 3 or 4. The color screen shows a 40 column display with border.
- The Plus/4 serial port is identical to the C-64 and will work with
- drives such as the 1541 and 1551 as well as CBM printers.
- The User port (RS-232) appears the same as the C-64 and uses 5 volt
- TTL level input/output signals. It will work with CBM modems such as the
- 1660 with no modifications, but like the C-64, requires an adaptor to
- interface IBM type (Hayes compatable) modems.
- The Memory Expansion Port (Cartridge port) is different from a C-64.
- The connector looks similar, but has a total of 50 pins compared to the
- C-64 which has 44. The SFS-481 Disk Drive and specific Plus/4 cartridges
- were made to interface this parallel port. I was unable to find the
- pinout, but I believe the Programmers Manual has that information.
- The cassette port is a 7 pin Mini-DIN type similar to the joystick
- ports but with a slightly different pin spacing. It works with the 1531
- Datasette. I do not have the pinout.
- The power supply for the Plus/4 is the same as the C-64, namely the
- non-repairable "black brick" which outputs two voltages: 5 volts DC at
- about 1 Amp, and 9 volts AC. Although some Plus/4s were built with the
- round DIN type connector, most have a square 4 pin type, similar in
- appearance to the C-128. The pinout is as follows (viewed facing rear of
- computer):
-
- ----v----
- 9VAC ------|-0 0-|------ 9VAC
- | |
- +5VDC ------|-0 0-|------ Ground
- |_________|
-
- ***********************************************
- The video port (8 pin DIN) is nearly the same as the later models of
- C-64, and monitors such as the 1702 (separated Y and C) will work with no
- modifications. As with the C-64, a standard 5 pin DIN plug will also work
- for monitors that accept only composite video and audio. The only
- difference in the Plus/4 is -two- audio outputs, whereas the C-64 has an
- audio -input- on one of those pins. The unloaded level on the second audio
- output line is over 1 volt (PP). The lower level output connects
- internally to the RF modulator as in the C-64. The pinout is as follows
- (facing rear of computer):
-
- ________ Chroma Out
- |
- |
- NC ------0 | 0------ NC
- |
- Audio Out ------0 0 0--- Luminance & Sync Out
- (1VPP)
- ------0 0------ Comp Video Out
- Std Audio Out 0
- (.5VPP) \________ Ground
-
- **********************************************
- The joystick connectors are a departure from the "standard" 9 pin "D"
- types that are used on the C-64 and the C-128. The 8 pin joy port
- connectors on the Plus/4 are called Mini-DIN. They were used for the
- joystick ports on the short-lived Commodore 16, and have also been used on
- Apple (MAC) computers for many years and more recently for S-Video (4 pin)
- on TVs and VCRs. The following is a small program to test the joystick
- ports of the Plus/4.
-
- 10 PRINT JOY (1)
- 20 PRINT JOY (2)
- 30 GOTO10
-
- This Basic program scrolls a number on the screen. The numeric value
- depends on which direction the joystick is moved. Each position of the
- joystick (or a pressed Fire button) represents a contact closure
- (grounding one or more pins of the joy port). For example, when the
- joystick is moved to the left, the number on the screen will go to 7. If
- no switches are closed, the output number will be zero...
-
- Output Function
- ------ ------------------
- 0 NO SWITCHES CLOSED
- 1 UP
- 2 UP AND RIGHT
- 3 RIGHT
- 4 RIGHT AND DOWN
- 5 DOWN
- 6 DOWN AND LEFT
- 7 LEFT
- 8 LEFT AND UP
- 128 FIRE (JOYSTICK #1)
- 135 FIRE (JOYSTICK #2)
-
- Here is the pinout for the Joystick ports. It is shown facing the rear of
- the computer. Note the offset center pin!
-
- _____ Ground
- | ______ Right
- | |
- Unknown ------0 0 | 0------ Fire
- |
- +5VDC ------0 0 0------ Left
-
- Down ------0 0------ Up
-
- **********************************************
- Since Plus/4 joysticks are so rare, standard CBM and Atari types
- could be modified by cutting off the 9 pin "D" connector and installing
- the 8 pin Mini-DIN male plug, or just changing the cable for one with the
- Mini-DIN. Be careful with the wiring! There is a +5 volt source on those
- joyports. You could damage ICs in the computer if you accidently short the
- 5 volts to ground. I would put a 100 ohm resistor on the ground-return
- side of the switches, just to be safe.
- The larger electronic parts houses sell Mini-DIN plugs and cables.
- One source here in Seattle is Westlake Electronic Supply 1-800-523-8677
- FAX: (206) 628-0508. They carry the GC Electronics line. The 8 pin
- Mini-DIN is GC #33-938BU and the 7 pin cass. port plug is GC #33-937BU. A
- less expensive 8 pin is GC #45-1160, and 7 pin is GC #45-1159. Two other
- sources for DIN plugs are: Jameco Electronics 1-800-831-4242 and JDR
- Microdevices 1-800-538-5000. Jameco sells a printer cable (Apple MAC) with
- 8 pin Mini-DINs on each end: part #10604. It sells for $4.95. That 6ft.
- cable could be cut in half to make two 3 ft. joystick cables.
- ********************************************
- The proprietary IC chips used in the Plus/4 are apparently not used in any
- other CBM equipment, and I know of no sources for these parts. The rest of
- the chips are mostly LS TTL devices available anywhere. Here is the chip
- complement:
-
- U1 8360R2 40 pin VIC (40 Col NTSC)
- U2 8501R1 40 pin CPU
- U3 8551 28 pin ASIC (RS-232 interface)
- U5 & U27 6529B 20 pin ? ? (parallel interface?)
- U19 251641-02 28 pin ROM \
- U23 318006-01 28 pin ROM |
- U24 318005-05 28 pin ROM |--- Built-in programs
- U25 317055-01 28 pin ROM |
- U26 317054-01 28 pin ROM /
-